Sunday, January 27, 2019

CO2 variations with altitude

In 2011 a new satellite, the ACE (for Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) revealed that concentration of CO2 trends at 100km altitudes were in the rise over an 8 year period [https://phys.org/news/2012-11-atmospheric-co2-space-junk.html]. Concentrations rose from about 210 to 220 ppm  (see figure below). 

The 2017 paper "Global distribution of CO2 in the upper
troposphere and stratosphere" [https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/3861/2017/acp-17-3861-2017.pdf] presents a profile of the CO2 variations with altitude (see below).
One of the questions I don't have an answer to is whether the relatively high percentages of CO2 at high altitude act to radiate excess heat out into space or just serve as a thicker blanket to keep the warm air concentrated near earth's surface. Whereas CO2 concentrations really don't seem to vary by much in the lower atmosphere (below 12 km or so) the oxygen levels fall dramatically as any climber can tell you (see below). Oxygen levels on the summit of Mount Everest at about 9000 meters are less than 32% at sea level.For CO2 as shown above, their level falls by only 7.5% between elevations of 20 and 35km.

O2 concentrations diminish significantly in the troposphere which extends only to about 11km above the Earth's surface. The thicker blanket of CO2 extends through the troposphere and much of the stratosphere. I am unsure whether this is typical for the atmosphereic distribution of other greenhouse gasses.


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