Friday, January 18, 2019

Greenhouse or blanket?

Just started the Future Learn Climate Science course. Looks like it will be an excellent experience. One of the initial concepts discussed in the course concerns the use of the Greenhouse effect as an accurate analogy for the mechanisms causing long term rise in the Earth's average temperature.


The greenhouse effect depends largely on trapping of incident sunlight reradiated in the infrared (heat) spectrum. This radiant heat is not transmitted through the glass enclosure so that heat builds up in the Greenhouse. While temperature increase in a greenhouse is also elevated due to a lack of air circulation. Air circulation could easily reduce temperatures in the greenhouse. In that sense the greenhouse does not adequately represent the heating of Earth's atmosphere since atmospheric circulation patterns are a major contributor to short term temperature change. The Greenhouse effect, however, also does not incorporate the heat radiated by the Earth . These two factors make the Greenhouse analogy an incomplete representation of the processes involved. The blanket effect, on the other hand,  retains heat generated by the Earth (or ones body heat, for example). However, the blanket does not serve as a window through which external radiation can penetrate and does not permit air circulation.

In my opinion, heating of the Earth's atmosphere could be represented by a combination of these two analogies. We have radiation from the sun partially transmitted to the Earth's surface. This includes some infrared (thermal) radiation that helps elevate the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere. Incident radiation is also partially reradiated in the infrared thermal region. Only part of this radiation is lost to space. Some of the reradiated heat is retained (greenhouse). As noted, planetary weather systems redistribute heat at local, regional and global scales. Despite this, atmospheric temperature, on average, is increasing. The Earth is also a heat generator. The Earth still retains a molten outer core that surrounds a solid inner core. Both have temperatures around 11,000F (6000C). Within about 100km of the Earths surface temperatures have dropped to 300-500C (about 570-930F).   In caves systems below the Earth's surface the temperatures remain nearly constant  around 52F (11C). So the Earth is itself a heater and the thermal radiation emitted by the earth is only partially transmitted through the Earth's atmosphere and lost to space. As noted in the NASA Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (see https://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/SORCE/sorce_02.php) "The absorption of solar energy heats up our planet’s surface and atmosphere and makes life on Earth possible. But the energy does not stay bound up in the Earth’s environment forever."

It appears that we have actions similar to that of a greenhouse and a somewhat transparent blanket. As noted in the NASA link above "as the rocks, the air, and the sea warm, they emit thermal radiation (heat). This thermal radiation, which is largely in the form of long-wave infrared light, eventually finds its way out into space, leaving the Earth and allowing it to cool." If the gain exceeds the loss to space, the atmospheric temperature rises.

 


 
 

 



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